Networking Solutions - Local Area Network Systems

A local area network (LAN) is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a home, school, computer laboratory, or office building, using network media.

The defining characteristics of LANs, in contrast to wide area networks (WANs), include their smaller geographic area, and non-inclusion of leased telecommunication lines.

Token Ring and other technology standards have been used in the past, but Ethernet over twisted pair cabling, and Wi-Fi are the two most common technologies currently used to build LANs.

The most common type of local area network is an Ethernet LAN. The smallest home LAN can have exactly two computers; a large LAN can accommodate many thousands of computers. Many LANs are divided into logical groups called subnets. An Internet Protocol (IP) "Class A" LAN can in theory accommodate more than 16 million devices organized into subnets.

  • Cabling Early LAN cabling had been based on various grades of coaxial cable. Shielded twisted pair was used in Token Ring LAN implementation. LAN showed the potential of simple unshielded twisted pair by using Cat6 cable—the same simple cable used for telephone systems. This led to the development of 10Base-T (and its successors) and structured cabling which is still the basis of most commercial LANs today. In addition, fiber-optic cabling is increasingly used in commercial applications. Generally a LAN network uses Gigabit Ethernet cabling to the hub or switch (wired router, cannot be wireless), then the router connection is bridged to the wireless router.

    As cabling is not always possible, Wi-Fi is now very common in residential premises, and elsewhere where support for laptops and smart phones is important.

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